Leo :: Free Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonardo da Vinci was an all around Renaissance Man, who accomplished many things during his life. He was a celebrated painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist and inventor. Innovations of his paintings influenced Italian art a century after his death. His scientific studies such as anatomy, optics, and hydraulics led to the development of modern science.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was born in a town in Tuscany, near Florence. His dad was a wealthy Florentine notary, and his mom was peasant woman. In the mid-1460’s his family and he settled in Florence, where he was given the best education that a major intellectual and artistic center could offer. There he rapidly advanced socially and intellectually. At first he became an apprentice for Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading painter and sculptor at that time. Then in 1478 he became an independent master. He was first commissioned to paint an altarpiece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall, which was never executed. Other works that he’s done in his youth are; Benois Madonna, Ginevra de Benci, and the Saint Jerome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In about 1482 he went to work for Ludaico Sforza, the duke of Milan. He wrote the duke a letter that stated that he could build portable bridges and that he knew the techniques of constructing bombardments and making cannons. He also wrote that he could build ships as good as armored vehicles, catapults, and other war machines. He served as the principle engineer in the duke’s military enterprises and was an active architect of his. While in Milan it was said that he had apprentices and pupils. The most important painting during the early Milan period was The Virgin of the Rocks. Then from 1495 to 1497 he labored on The Last Supper, a mural in the refectory of the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. Leo :: Free Essays   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonardo da Vinci was an all around Renaissance Man, who accomplished many things during his life. He was a celebrated painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist and inventor. Innovations of his paintings influenced Italian art a century after his death. His scientific studies such as anatomy, optics, and hydraulics led to the development of modern science.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was born in a town in Tuscany, near Florence. His dad was a wealthy Florentine notary, and his mom was peasant woman. In the mid-1460’s his family and he settled in Florence, where he was given the best education that a major intellectual and artistic center could offer. There he rapidly advanced socially and intellectually. At first he became an apprentice for Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading painter and sculptor at that time. Then in 1478 he became an independent master. He was first commissioned to paint an altarpiece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall, which was never executed. Other works that he’s done in his youth are; Benois Madonna, Ginevra de Benci, and the Saint Jerome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In about 1482 he went to work for Ludaico Sforza, the duke of Milan. He wrote the duke a letter that stated that he could build portable bridges and that he knew the techniques of constructing bombardments and making cannons. He also wrote that he could build ships as good as armored vehicles, catapults, and other war machines. He served as the principle engineer in the duke’s military enterprises and was an active architect of his. While in Milan it was said that he had apprentices and pupils. The most important painting during the early Milan period was The Virgin of the Rocks. Then from 1495 to 1497 he labored on The Last Supper, a mural in the refectory of the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan.

Ap Euro Martin Luther Conservative or Revolutionary Essay

Martin Luther was one of the greatest monks, priests, and theological teachers of Germany, along with being the symbol of the Protestant Reformation. He did not start off so religious however. One day he was caught in a frightening and dangerous storm. He prayed to God begging not to be killed, and vowed to become a monk if he survived. He did live, upholding his word to the lord, and joined a monastery. He joined an Augustinian friary in 1505, where he suffered from anfechtung, or spiritual anxiety. He never knew if he was doing enough good works to achieve salvation and gain entrance to the kingdom of heaven, as it was believed by the Catholic religion that it took good works along with faith in order to enter. To take his mind off of his religious worries, he was recommended to a teaching post at the University of Wittenberg. There, he taught theology and was quite popular among his students. Luther suffered from constant constipation, so he often read the bible while on the toile t. One day while doing this a certain passage from the epistle of St. Paul to the Romans: â€Å"the just shall live by faith,† which led to Luther’s core belief of sola fide, or faith alone. Through this belief, Luther believed that the only thing needed to achieve salvation was to live by faith alone, which challenged the Roman Catholic Church’s theology that both faith and good works were necessary. Luther shared his beliefs with the people of the Holy Roman Empire, demanding change to the way theology was widely taught. He agreed with parts of the current teachings and was conservative, wanting to keep parts of the religion the same. He kept the sacraments, however reduced the amount of them from 7 to 2. He was also like many Roman Catholic religious figures, anti-Semitic. Lutheranism, as his religion came to be called, became more submissive to the state as well. However Luther also had many revolutionary ideas, which angered those of the RCC. In response to the political problems, he wished to do away with the process of indulgences, which were no more than pieces of paper in his eyes as works had nothing to do with salvation. His nailing of the 95 Theses highly angered the church authorities, as it went against everything they taught and believe. However in his response to the social problem of the Peasant’s Revolt, he told the princes to crush those who rebelled, as social revolution was not his intention. After careful evaluation, Martin Luther has proven to be both a revolutionary as well as a conservative. Luther proved himself time and again of his revolutionary approach to religion. His best example of this was the 95 Theses. Johann Tetzel, a German Roman Catholic priest, was selling an expensive indulgence as a fund-raising idea of Pope Leo X to finance the building of St. Peters basilica. When one of Luther’s parishioners came to confession, he presented an indulgence he had paid for, claiming he no longer had to re pent of his sins, since the document promised to forgive all his sins. Luther was outraged, and wrote up the Ninety-Five Theses, protesting the sale of indulgences, which he proceeded to nail to the door of All Saints’ Church in Wittenberg Germany. He did this on a major Catholic holiday, All Saints Day, which struck at the core of the Catholic religion. The most prominent, challenging, and well known was Theses 86 which read â€Å"Why does the pope, whose wealth today is greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build the basilica of Saint Peter with the money of poor believers rather than with his own money?† He said indulgences did not do what the Church said it did because salvation was granted by sola fide. The ideas in the Ninety-Five Theses quickly spread throughout Europe via the moveable type printing press. Another time Luther engaged in revolutionary actions was at The Disputation at Leipzig. He was invited to participate in the Church-sponsored debate, as the Church wanted a dialogue concerning Luther’s challenges to Catholic doctrine and practices. RCC leaders at Leipzig declared that Luther’s ideas were wrong because the pope and Church traditions could not be wrong. Luther then shocked everyone, denying the authority of the pope and church councils. He declared that the only authority on matters of faith for Christians was the Bible. He said that sola scriptura, or scripture alone, determined the belief of Christians, not the teachings of the Pope. Upon the conclusion of the meeting at Leipzig, Luther was threatened with a papal bull of excommunication, which he burned in protest. Luther also showed revolutionary idea at the Diet of Worms. He was called to attend by Charles V, the recently elected Holy Roman Emperor. At the assembly, Luther was asked if he had written the â€Å"Ninety-Five Theses,† â€Å"The Address to the Christian Nobility,† â€Å"The Babylonian Captivity of the Church,† and other works. Luther accepted the accusations and acknowledged that he had written them, and when asked to recant his ideas or suffer the consequences, he requested a night to think about his decision. When Luther returned the next day, he stood firm when asked if he would recant and proudly declared â€Å"Here I stand, I can do no other.† Luther was then declared a heretic and became a marked man. Troops of Frederick the Elector rescued Luther and took him to safe hiding in Wartburg Castle, where he proceeded to translate the Bible into the vernacular, which was highly against the teachings of the church and very illegal. He also declared that monks and nuns were not obligated to uphold their vows. Luther not only acted revolutionarily towards political religious issues, but towards the social issues of the time as well. The most well known was the Peasants’ Revolt. Some religious leaders twisted and perverted Luther’s ideas to benefit their own causes, with the most prominent being Thomas Mà ¼ntzer. They wrote the â€Å"Twelve Articles†: a petition of peasant demands and sent it to the Swabian League that called upon the Holy Roman Emperor to help the peasantry deal with economic and religious issues. When Charles V ignored the â€Å"Twelve Articles,† preachers led by Mà ¼ntzer stirred the masses to revolt against the nobles. Luther believed the peasants were way out of line, as he was adamantly against mixing religious reformation with political and social revolution. He disassociated himself with Mà ¼ntzer and the revolting peasants. He urged the princes to work together to â€Å"slaughter the swine,† or the peasants. He argued that religious subjects must be subordinate to their secular authorities. Luther proved himself a revolutionary over and over through many acts throughout his religious life. Though Luther was a revolutionary, many of his actions also dictate a conservative approach, wanting to keep some things the same or even go back to the way they used to be. An important message Luther delivered was that good Christians owed obedience to established authority in worldly matters. Lutheranism viewed the state with more respect than other religions did. Lutheranism was much more submissive to the state. He insisted that Christian liberty was an internal freedom, known only to God. Luther wanted the church teachings to go back to how they used to be, based on sola scriptura or scripture alone, without the need of outside interpretation by the pope, bishops, abbots, etc. He was conservative in that he made many alliances with princes who liked his ideas, spreading them to their own kingdoms. He didn’t side with armed rebellions, citing his name, against the nobility in regions of Germany, instead he backed the nobility, telling them to work together to â€Å"slaughter the swine.† He did not want to do away with the sacraments, however he did want to reduce them from seven to two. This showed how he did not want to change all parts of the Roman Catholic religion, only parts. Also, like most religious figures of the time Martin Luther was anti-Semitic. He wanted all the Jewish people to convert to Lutheranism, as he did not believe the Jewish religion was correct in its teachings and beliefs. He restricted the right of private judgement in matters involving conscience, but never denied it. A conservative in the way he did things, Luther was truly a great leader. Luther believed that the only thing needed to achieve salvation was to live by faith alone, which challenged the Roman Catholic Church’s theology that both faith and good works were necessary. Luther shared his beliefs with the people of the Holy Roman Empire, demanding change to the way theology was widely taught. He agreed with parts of the current teachings and was conservative, wanting to keep parts of the religion the same. He kept the sacraments, however reduced the amount of them from 7 to 2. An anti-Semitic, Luther displayed similarities with other religious officials. Lutheranism b ecame more submissive to the state, as Luther believed that in worldly matters religion has to listen to authority. However Luther also had many revolutionary ideas, which upset those of the RCC as it went against the basics of Roman Catholic teachings. In response to the political problems, he wished to do away with the money robbery of the selling of indulgences, which were no more than pieces of paper in his eyes as works had nothing to do with salvation. His nailing of the 95 Theses made the power of the church authorities fluctuate, as it went against everything they taught their followers and everything they had been taught.. However in his response to the social problem of the Peasant’s Revolt, he told the princes to crush those who rebelled, as social revolution was not his intention. He meant to keep the matters of social or political problems separate from religious reform. After carefully evaluating his actions, Martin Luther has proven to be both a revolutionary a s well as a conservative on multiple occasions.

Analysis on Intelligence Support Needed for HLS to Prevent Terrorism essays

Analysis on Intelligence Support Needed for HLS to Prevent Terrorism essays 1.Analyze and discuss the intelligence support needed to HLS to prevent terrorism. Homeland security needs an all-encompassing and single point clearing house for intelligence services and support. The centralized requirement will ensure that the big picture is always clear, and informing the big picture, the details are collected and collated from the various intelligence units. The establishment of the Department of Homeland Security (DNS) is a good starting point because the United States now has an organization with over 20 federal entities that can focus on three national security priorities: preventing terrorist attacks within the United States; reducing Americas vulnerability to terrorism; and minimizing the damage and facilitating the recovery from attacks that do occur (The White House, 2006). Aside from the establishment of the DHS, intelligence support can now be achieved with the reorganization of the American Intelligence community endowed with expanded budgetary, acquisition, tasking, and personnel authorities to integrate more effectively the effort s of the Community into a more unified, coordinated, and effective whole (The White House, 2006.) 2.Describe and assess the intelligence available before the 9/11 attack. There is intelligence per se available before the 9/11 attack and there are different agencies with the intelligence mandate. However, the intelligence situation then was like the right hand did not know what the left hand was doing. There was internal compartmentalization between agencies thus; the big intelligence picture was not clear as a result of each intelligence-mandated agency holding a piece of the puzzle or mosaic. As a point of policy, terrorism was not the overriding national security concern for the U.S. government under either the Clinton or the pre-9/11 Bush administration. The policy challenges were linked to this failure...

The Future of Trucking While Deaf

The Future of Trucking While Deaf The trucking experts over at CareersInGear.com recently explored the policies and attitudes the hearing trucking world holds towards Deaf or hard of hearing truckers. It’s not as simple as a question of discrimination based on disability- the physical exam all truckers must pass in order to acquire their CDLs involves a â€Å"forced whisper† test and, failing that, an audiometry test, which they can take with or without their hearing aid.This tests  that truckers must be able to:Make a decision based on emergency sounds/sirensHear sounds of improperly operating mechanicsCommunicate with other drivers, lumpers, consigners, customers, or trucking scales operatorsHowever, not all trucking environments require a perfect ability to hear. Accommodations available for current Deaf and hard of hearing drivers include assistive mirrors, enhanced visual turn indicators, and visual signals of horns, sirens, or loud noises that can be adjusted when a driver goes through a constru ction zone or similarly loud environment. Service dogs are also growing in popularity- trained animals can alert drivers to intruders, door bells, knocks, alarms, and phone calls, and signal drivers that other drivers are trying to talk to them.And what often goes unsaid during discussions of Deaf drivers is that all truckers, regardless of their hearing status when they first climbed into their rig, are losing their hearing during their years on the road. Banning Deaf or hard of hearing drivers from behind the wheel entirely means eventually losing entire generations of experienced, capable drivers!In 2013, responding to repeated requests from the National Association for the Deaf, more than 100 hours of interviews with deaf/hearing impaired drivers, and reports that Deaf drivers actually have fewer distractions behind the wheel, the DOT granted hearing waivers to 40 Deaf drivers. In the next year or so, these drivers should be reporting back on their experiences and whether their safety ratings are similar to  those of hearing drivers. The results should be highly informative to up-and-coming drivers with hearing impairment.

Law of succession Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law of succession - Assignment Example Browne. The deceased will of Mr. Harbottle was homemade and was formulated in the year 2010 on 22nd March. Circumstantially, Mr. Browne appointed Ms. Josie Morrison, who is a professional solicitor of Morrison and Jeffries LLP with the aim of advising him with regard to certain issues with respect to the will signed by Mr. Harbottle. To be specific, in the will, the name of the executor who is Mr. Browne has been misspelled as ‘Mr. Brown’. Moreover, the address of Mr. Browne has been inscribed wrongly in the will which has again raised confusions regarding the gains of Mr. Browne from the will by Mr. Harbottle. Furthermore, as the will was roughly torn, which damaged the date of signing the will, the specifications mentioned in the same became hardly interpretable that again increased confusions. Additionally, the last two letters of the surname of the testator was also found torn wherein Mr. Browne denied any such careless act from his end and also did not depict any si gnificant interest of the gifted amount of ?50,000 being wealthy in his own right. Sometimes back, Mr. Browne formulated his will and assigned Harriet Reid, the accountant of Mr. Browne, to be his executor. Mr. Browne further deciphered his unwillingness to accept the gift offered through the will by Mr. Harbottle in order to prevent high tax imposition. Mr. Browne has planned to provide this sum to the daughter of his gardener, Mary Stapleton for her university study. Additionally, the case scenario depicts that Mr. Browne is pleased with the service of Ms. Morrison and has therefore planned to pay her a sum of ?5000 be means of inheritance in his will. The will of Mr. Browne also specifies that if she dies before Mr. Browne, the sum will be paid to her husband. Discussion The Issues Which Are Identified In the Case Mr. Browne has observed that there are number of issues in relation to the deceased will of Mr. Harbottle. As Mr. Browne is the ultimate executor of the will, he has ra ised the issue that his name has been misspelled as ‘Brown’ instead of ‘Browne’ in the will. Moreover, Mr. Browne has also noticed that the address which has been mentioned in the will is inappropriate or wrong as Mr. Browne resides in a different place when the will was formed. Additionally, Mr. Browne and Late Mr. Harbottle were dweller of a same village but Mr. Browne could not remember to promise to execute the will of Harbottle owing to the absence of any deep relation with Mr. Harbottle. However, Mr. Browne is willing to carry out the will even though he is reluctant to accept the entire amount gifted due to tax implications and has thus planned to gift the amount to his gardener’s daughter if obtained [Wilson v. Beddard (1841) 12 Sim. 28]1. In this regard, Mr. Browne is seemed to be confused about the procedures which are required for the appropriate execution of the will. Contextually, it is important that the name as well as address of an ex ecutor or executors should be mentioned in detail taking into account the up-dated data for better validity of the will. Eventually, the misspelled name of the executor may restrict Mr. Browne from executing the will of Late Mr. Harbottle. Moreover, the address of Mr. Browne was also mentioned as incorrect. As per the ‘Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975’ the name and address of an executors or executors are required to be mentioned correctly for the appropriate execution of the will of a late person2 [Barrett v Bem [2012] EWCA Civ 52]3. Furthermore, an

Job Design and Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Job Design and Description - Essay Example Job description and design are tools that are used in structuring an organization. In an organization, the first stride to acquiring the appropriate person with the required skills into the right position is to get the job right. In reference to Lussier, a good description and design of job supports a manager to effectively run the organization (242). Job description arises from job design. An organization’s management should clearly state the job description and design before embarking on recruitment. Each job should have various requirements or essentials. These inherent requirements are the responsibilities and chores that should be undertaken to get the job done. These requirements stipulate achievement of the result rather than how to achieve them. For instance, an employee is obliged to take minutes in meetings. In this case, it is essential for all employees to take minutes of all the meetings within the organization. Needless to say, it is also necessary to understand that not all the tasks in a job description are integral prerequisites. For instance, though making coffee is not an essential receptionist’s task, he or she may be required to make some coffee for guests. It almost goes without saying that the job design and description is the foundation for getting the best and brightest employees. Job Design The ability of an organization to succeed in its goals depends on how well it can identify the various activities that must occur and the quality of the individuals selected to perform them. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that both activities and personnel are appropriate. By carefully analyzing the purpose, responsibilities and qualifications of each job, the selection process can be made more efficient and fruitful (Lussier 242). Lussier defines job design as â€Å"the process of laying out job responsibilities and duties and describing how they are to be performed† (242). Designing a job requires answeri ng such questions as â€Å"what activities are necessary to accomplish organizational goals?† Answering this simple question is apparently more complex than one might expect. It requires detailed information in order to be useful. The goal is to be as comprehensive as possible in listing the tasks. Being too brief or too broad creates more work later in the process (Lussier 243). For example, a task for a circulation service point position should be more than â€Å"check out materials.† Job design should consider organizational requirements, individual worker attributes, health, and safety. Job design is a broad concept that not only involves human relations but also job satisfaction, motivation and interpersonal issues. Organizations can best achieve their objectives by designing work that motivates workers to attain their full capability (Lussier 243). A deep understanding of job design requires an understanding of behavioral science, organizational behavior, psychol ogy, human resources management, economics, and operations management. The process by which jobs are designed includes three sub processes: job analysis, job description and job segmentation. These subprocesses are related and their relationship is very essential in job description. Long before recruiting and selecting employees begin, the organization needs to carry out an analysis (Lussier 243). This analysis consist of â€Å"observing and studying a job to determine its proper

A Clockwise orange - Violence and Society Essay

A Clockwise orange - Violence and Society - Essay Example The overwhelming question that would be examined is whether society can curb violence by implementing laws that by themselves are violent. The question, whether violence by criminals can be addressed by violent means, is addressed in the novel through its theme.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society is expected to function properly only when people can carry out their day-to-day activities without being threatened of violent acts like stealing, sexual harassment, etc. by unsocial elements. When unsocial acts from the likes of eve-teasing and pick pocketing crosses their limits to rape and murder, like carried out by Alex in the novel under study, then such characters are too dangerous to be left open in the society. Imprisonment is one way through which present day judicial system deals with such criminal offenders (Collins and Cattermole).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though there is no authoritative definition of anti-social acts by habitually violent criminal offenders, anti-social act is any action which is ‘public’  in character, generally criminal, and at a low level of seriousness constitutes activities often termed in popular parlance as ‘street offences.’  In US, crimes are classified into felonies and misdemeanors. While misdemeanors are usually lighter form of offenses dealt with corrective measures like fine or imprisonment up to 1 year, serious crimes like rape and murder comes under the category of felony. They are often punishable by death penalty or imprisonment more than one year (Collins and Cattermole 47).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cullen, Wright, and Blevins observes, â€Å"crime is a complex phenomenon that exists on varied levels of analysis, manifests itself in various ways across the life course, is linked to forces inside and outside the individual, and is enmeshed in contexts extending from situational dynamics to socio-political, historical eras.†Ã‚  (Cullen, Wright, and Blevins 1) Alex, the protag onist in the 1962 novel A Clockwise Orange, and his pals are adolescent ‘style-boys’ who are used to ‘smashing faces and windows’  and night orgies. They communicate in slangs and external environment generates a vicious circle from where it is difficult to come out from the crime (Burgess). Alex's pals (‘droogs" in the novel's Anglo-Russian slang) are Dim, a slow-witted, systematic bruiser and Georgie, a motivated No 2 in command, and Pete, all of whom have predilection for ultra-violence. The author portrays Alex as a personality with an instinct to do antisocial activities and a hardcore juvenile wrongdoer; he is nevertheless sharp and intelligent with elegant taste of music. Alex is especially fan of Beethoven, or ‘Lovely Ludwig Van.’  (Burgess 63)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Collins and Cattermole, antisocial behavior varies from person to person. ‘Silo’  remedy focused on just one part is deemed to be a f ailure. Enforcement, prevention, and rehabilitation should be pursued thoughtfully in any modern free society (Collins and Cattermole 47-48). During his imprisonment, Alex is subject to behavior modification; Ludovico Technique is experimented (Burgess 82). Under this technique, Alex is injected with a medicine that makes him sick and compelled to view violent scenes finally pushing him to strong bouts of nausea at the mere thought of violence (Burgess 96). The success of the application of Ludovico technique in Alex is exhibited to a cluster of important people, who observe as Alex falls down before a bully and degrade him before an insufficiently attired young woman. Though the prison officials blame the government of depriving Alex of free will, the state bureaucrats present are delighted with the outcome and Alex is discharged from the prison (Burgess 119). Ability to